Advanced Programming Language Design
Book compares over 70 languages, and main classes: imperative, functional, object-oriented, dataflow, concurrent, declarative, aggregate. By Raphael Finkel, Addison-Wesley.
Are scripting languages the wave of the future?
Programming guru, Robert Martin, on languages of the coming decade.
Beyond Java?
Compares Java and Dylan, with examples from building two CORBA IDL compilers. Topics include: multiple inheritance, multi-argument dispatch, unified object model, extensible syntax. Several code examples.
The BNF Web Club Language
Browse, explore some programming language's syntactic rules. See relations between rules, understand them using BNF (Backus-Naur Form notation) and syntactic diagrams: SQL, PL/SQL, SQL2, IDL; Ada95, Java, Modula-2; Lazy, LISP, M5.
99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall
Shows source code implementation for the same simple program across over 250 different programming languages.
C++??: A Critique of C++ (3rd ed.)
A critical view on the C++ and C programming language. [PDF]
C# From a Java Developer's Perspective
Comprehensive article by Dare Obasanjo, details most similarities and differences between the two languages: features Java has that C# doesn't, and features C# has that Java doesn't. Text, tables, code, resources.
CLOS, Eiffel, and Sather: A Comparison
Comprehensive, many references; zipped Postscript, inlined gifs.
A Comparative Overview of C#
Also compares C#, Java, C++. By Ben Albahari.
Comparing Development Costs of C and Ada
Article by Stephen F. Zeigler. Analysis of a case where most variables were controlled enough to make a comparison between development costs (time, error rates, code size, ...) of the 2 languages.
A Comparison of C++, FORTRAN 90 and Oberon-2 for Scientific Programming
The report concludes by a personal assessment of the three languages with respect to the numerical context. By Bernd Mösli. The reader's experience in scientific programming in C or FORTRAN would be advantageous.
Comparison of Oberon-2 with Modula-2
Short text summary of main features of Oberon-2; target audience: Modula-2 programmers unfamiliar with Oberon-2, but familiar with object-oriented and extensible programming concepts.
Comparisons of Tcl with Other Systems
Many comparisons between Tcl/Tk and other similar systems, most copied from comp.lang.tcl.
The Computer Language Shootout Benchmarks
Performance measurements and source code for ~25 benchmark programs in ~25 languages; with side-by-side comparisons for any 2 programming languages, and an interactive weighted ranking for all the languages.
Contrast Ruby and Other Languages
Ruby vs Perl, Python, Tcl, Java, Eiffel, C++. Very short.
D vs Other Languages
Yes-No table with definitions compares D, C, C++, C#, Java, on: GC, functions, arrays, OOP, performance, reliability, compatibility, conditional compiling. [Digital Mars]
Dylan Competitive Analysis
Compares Dylan, Smalltalk, Objective-C, C/C++. Long document.
Examples of Programs in Different Programming Languages
Compares 129 (or 157?) languages, via 418 code samples, and growing.
Fortran90 vs. Ada95
Compares Ada95 to Fortran90 via code samples, text. Well reasoned and written, many examples. Finds Ada equal or better than Fortran in all aspects but one marginal trait.
Guidelines for Choosing a Computer Language: Support for the Visionary Organizations
Multipage study compares: 4GL/5GL, 3GL (Ada 95, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Java, Smalltalk), 2GL (Assembly). Divides language (definition) from traits of products that implement and support it. Several sections, tables, appendixes.
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